Literature summary for 1.2.1.8 extracted from

Zhang, F.; Niu, B.; Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; Wang, S.; Xu, Y.; Jiang, L.; Gao, S.; Wu, J.; Tang, L.; Jia, Y.
A novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Jatropha curcas, encoding an enzyme implicated in adaptation to environmental stress (2008), Plant Sci., 174, 510-518.

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
NaCl	Expression of JcBD1 protein under different salt concentrations increased clearly in recombinant plasmid transgenic cells at the presence of 100-400 mM NaCl	Jatropha curcas

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
energy production	the seed of the plant is the raw material for biodiesels	Jatropha curcas

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21	Jatropha curcas

General Stability

General Stability	Organism
total RNA of leaves subjected to RT-PCR analysis to examine the influence of environmental stress like drought, salt or heat on BADH expression. Results showed tha JcBD1 gene transcripts of those plants exposed to 30% PEG, 300 mM NaCl or 50°C heat stress were obviously higher than that of the control plants. JcBD1 mRNA levels in stress treated leaved are increased by 79% or more, as compared with the control, which strongly confirms that mRNA expression are relative to abiotic stress.	Jatropha curcas

Organism

total RNA of leaves subjected to RT-PCR analysis to examine the influence of environmental stress like drought, salt or heat on BADH expression. Results showed tha JcBD1 gene transcripts of those plants exposed to 30% PEG, 300 mM NaCl or 50°C heat stress were obviously higher than that of the control plants. JcBD1 mRNA levels in stress treated leaved are increased by 79% or more, as compared with the control, which strongly confirms that mRNA expression are relative to abiotic stress.

Jatropha curcas

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Cl-	BADH plays an important role in the tolerance of plants to salinity	Jatropha curcas
Na+	BADH plays an important role in the tolerance of plants to salinity	Jatropha curcas

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da]	Molecular Weight Maximum [Da]	Comment	Organism
80000	-	Expressed protein analyzed by SDSPAGE	Jatropha curcas

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	Jatropha curcas	-	glycine betaine + NADH + H+	glycine betaine is not only an nontoxic osmoprotectant but also maintains protein and membrane conformations under various stress conditions	ir

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Jatropha curcas	B2BBY6	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
For purification of the recombinant protein, cells of 500 ml culture are harvested. Pellet is suspended in lysis buffer and suspension was incubated. Following sonication, suspension is centrifuged. Clear supernatant is collected and loaded onto a Glutathione-Agarose column equilibrated with buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5.0 mM EDTA). The recombinant protein is eluted with elution buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5.0 mM EDTA, and 1.0 mM reduced glutathione). Eluted protein is collected and the purity is analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE. To remove the GST moiety, the recombinant proteins are digested with PreScission protease.	Jatropha curcas

Purification (Comment)

Organism

For purification of the recombinant protein, cells of 500 ml culture are harvested. Pellet is suspended in lysis buffer and suspension was incubated. Following sonication, suspension is centrifuged. Clear supernatant is collected and loaded onto a Glutathione-Agarose column equilibrated with buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5.0 mM EDTA). The recombinant protein is eluted with elution buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 5.0 mM EDTA, and 1.0 mM reduced glutathione). Eluted protein is collected and the purity is analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE. To remove the GST moiety, the recombinant proteins are digested with PreScission protease.

Jatropha curcas

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
flower	found in all plant tissues excepting roots, expression level is highest in leaves and stems	Jatropha curcas	-
leaf	found in all plant tissues excepting roots, expression level is highest in leaves and stems	Jatropha curcas	-
root	find in all plant tissues excepting roots, expression level is highest in leaves and stems	Jatropha curcas	-
seed	found in all plant tissues excepting roots, expression level is highest in leaves and stems	Jatropha curcas	-
stem	found in all plant tissues excepting roots, expression level is highest in leaves and stems	Jatropha curcas	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	activities assayed in 400 ml of reaction mixture consisting of 20 mM TrisHCl buffer, 0.5 mM NAD+, 5 mM DTT, and 100 ml purified protein elutes solution or crude bacterial extracts. The substrate betaine aldehyde is added to the reaction mixtures after preincubation for 10 min at 37°C to start the reactions. Enzyme activities are determined according to the absorbance at 340 nm (reflecting the consumption of NAD+). One unit of the activity is defined as 1 micromol/min of NAD+ consumption. The purified recombinant protein solution and crude bacterial extracts of the transformed cells both show high enzymatic activities. The activity is 2.53 nmol/ml and 2.06 nmol/ml, respectively, whereas crude bacterial extracts of untransformed Escherichia coli is 0.68 nmol/ml	Jatropha curcas

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O	-	Jatropha curcas	glycine betaine + NADH + H+	glycine betaine is not only an nontoxic osmoprotectant but also maintains protein and membrane conformations under various stress conditions	ir

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
BADH	-	Jatropha curcas
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase	-	Jatropha curcas
JcBD1	-	Jatropha curcas

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
8	-	assay at	Jatropha curcas

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NAD+	-	Jatropha curcas

pI Value

Organism	Comment	pI Value Maximum	pI Value
Jatropha curcas	calculated from amino acid sequence	-	5.3