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Information on EC 3.1.1.7 - acetylcholinesterase and Organism(s) Homo sapiens
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3.1.1.7 acetylcholinesteraseIUBMB Comments
Acts on a variety of acetic esters; also catalyses transacetylations.
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Word Map
- 3.1.1.7
-
cholinergic
- alzheimer
- nerve
- butyrylcholinesterase
-
organophosphate
-
pesticide
- hippocampus
-
neurotoxicity
- dementia
- erythrocyte
- deficit
-
organophosphorus
-
insecticide
-
muscarinic
- donepezil
- synaptic
-
neuroprotective
- cerebral
- acetyltransferase
- fiber
-
maze
- cortical
-
innervation
-
poison
- cholinesterases
-
nicotinic
-
neurotransmitter
- neuromuscular
- neurodegenerative
- atropine
- axon
- oxime
- carbamate
-
chat
-
histochemistry
-
amyloid
-
morris
-
neurochemical
-
monoamine
- synapses
-
intoxication
- chlorpyrifos
- striatum
-
neurotransmission
-
postsynaptic
- forebrain
- carboxylesterase
-
antidote
-
parasympathetic
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- analysis
- pharmacology
- medicine
- diagnostics
-
anticholinergic
- environmental protection
- drug development
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
ache, acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine esterase, acetyl cholinesterase, hache, eeache, ache1, huache, tcache, membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AcCholE
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acetyl beta-methylcholinesterase
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acetylcholine esterase
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acetylcholine hydrolase
acetylthiocholinesterase
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AChE
choline esterase I
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cholinesterase
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esterase, acetyl choline
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true cholinesterase
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additional information
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the enzyme belongs to the superfamily of alpha/beta-hydrolase fold proteins
acetylcholine hydrolase
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AChE
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AChE
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677724, 677953, 678092, 678096, 678228, 678404, 678608, 679202, 680235, 681108, 681518, 682017, 682920, 682921, 691246, 691746, 691820, 691870, 691944, 692175, 693391, 693553, 694152, 695202, 706828, 707706, 707742, 708092, 708093, 708096, 708206, 708843, 708896, 709298, 709565, 710183, 710187, 710330, 710373, 710620, 710622, 713996, 714110, 714701, 714704, 714852, 715182, 716950, 716958, 728999, 729173, 729380, 729388, 729391, 730993, 730995, 730996, 730997, 749984
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate
computer-modelled comparison of ordered uni bi and ki kinetic mechanism. ki model is accurate at equilibrium and when the inhibitor concentration is well below its Kd value
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hydrolysis of carboxylic ester
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transacetylation
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetylcholine acetylhydrolase
Acts on a variety of acetic esters; also catalyses transacetylations.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9000-81-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1,1-dimethyl-4-acetylthiomethylpiperidinium + H2O
?
i.e. MATP+, paper spray mass spectrometry is used to monitor the activity of acetylcholinesterase, both in-solution and on modified hydrophobic paper surface. Hydrophobic paper surfaces are prepared using vaporized trichloro(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane. In both approaches, mixtures of diluted human whole blood with and without inhibitor ethyl ((2-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl)sulfanyl)(methyl)phosphonate (VX) are mixed with a non-endogenous AChE specific substrate, 1,1-dimethyl-4-acetylthiomethylpiperidinium (MATP+). Formation of the cleaved MATP+ product is monitored over time and compared to MATP+ to determine relative AChE activity. This on-substrate assay is effective at determining AChE activity and identifying the toxicant, while determination of AChE activity in-solution proceeds at a slower rate. Method evaluation, overview
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-
?
1-naphthyl acetate + H2O
1-naphthol + acetate
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a chromogenic substrate for detection of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity
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?
2,6-dichloro-3'-methylindophenylacetate + H2O
2,6-dichloro-3'-methylindophenol + acetate
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weak substrate
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?
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol acetate + H2O
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + acetate
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol acetate computational molecular docking study using the enzyme's crystal structure, PDB ID 4YE7
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-
?
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenylacetate + H2O
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + acetate
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?
2-methoxyacetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + 2-methoxyacetate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 12% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
3',5'-dichloro-2'-methylindophenylacetate + H2O
3',5'-dichloro-2'-methylindophenol + acetate
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weak substrate
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?
3',5'-dichlorophenolindophenylacetate + H2O
3',5'-dichlorophenolindophenol + acetate
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weak substrate
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?
3-methylbutyrylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + 3-methylbutyrate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 1% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
acetyl-beta-methylthiocholine + H2O
beta-methylthiocholine + acetate
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?
acetyl-homo-thiocholine + H2O
?
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recombinant enzyme shows less than 10% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
benzoylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + benzoate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 1% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
cyclopentylcarbonylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + cyclopentanecarboxylate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 4% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
cyclopropylcarbonylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + cyclopropanecarboxylate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 4% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
diisopropyl phosphofluoridate + H2O
?
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mutant G117H, no activity with the wild-type enzyme
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?
echothiophate + H2O
?
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mutant G117H, no activity with the wild-type enzyme
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?
hexanoylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + hexanoate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 6% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
isobutyrylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + isobutyrate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 2% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
paraoxon + H2O
diethylphosphate + 4-nitrophenol
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mutant G117H, no activity with the wild-type enzyme
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?
pentanoylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + pentanoate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 5% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
phenylacetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + phenylacetate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 7% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
pivaloylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + pivalate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 5% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
S-acetylthiocholine + H2O
acetate + thiocholine
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detection with 5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, i.e. DTNB
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?
S-acetylthiocholine iodide + H2O
acetate + thiocholine iodide
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detection with 5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, i.e. DTNB
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
acetate + choline
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
acetate + choline
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acetylcholine protects cardiomyocytes from prolonged hypoxia through activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha/VEGF pathway and that cardiomyocyte-derived VEGF promotes angiogenesis in a paracrine fashion
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
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677724, 682017, 713996, 714110, 714704, 716950, 716958, 728999, 729173, 729380, 729388, 729391, 730993, 730995, 730996, 730997, 749984
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
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key enzyme in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it is responsible for the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate
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?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
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the enzyme might be involved in slowing of neurodegeneration in Alzheimerâs and Parkinsonâs diseases, overview
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
acetate + thiocholine
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
acetate + thiocholine
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detection using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + acetate
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664578, 677724, 677953, 678096, 678101, 678228, 678404, 679202, 680235, 681108, 682017, 682920, 682921, 714852, 728999, 729388, 729391, 730993, 730995, 730996, 730997, 749984
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + acetate
activity of AChE is determined by Ellman's method using acetylthiocholine iodide as a substrate
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + acetate
substrate is acetylthiocholine iodide
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + acetate
substrate is acetylthiocholine iodide, activity detection using 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) colorimetric assay and measurement of the absorbance at 412 nm
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?
acetylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + acetate
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substrate is acetylthiocholine iodide, activity detection using 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) colorimetric assay and measurement of the absorbance at 412 nm
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?
acetylthiocholine iodide + H2O
acetate + thiocholine iodide
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detection with 5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, i.e. DTNB
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?
butyrylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + butyrate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 3% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
propionylthiocholine + H2O
thiocholine + propionate
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recombinant enzyme shows about 52% activity compared to acetylthiocholine
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?
additional information
?
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pivotal role in the cholinergic system, rapid termination of nerve impulse transmission
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?
additional information
?
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calcium-activated BuchE, EC 3.1.1.8, acts as a major protective mechanism against suicide inhibition of AchE by organophosphates in this non-neuronal tissue, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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the reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase by oxime is the most important step in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
acetylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase that catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, thus regulating cholinergic neurotransmission
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of AChE, along with the butyrylcholinesterase, and restoration of acetylcholine is a therapeutic strategy in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia
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-
?
additional information
?
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bioassay for inhibition of fibril formation, i.e. Thioflavin T assay
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?
additional information
?
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the ensemble of compound 1 and compound 2 can be used for the AChE activity assay and the inhibitor-screening by making use of the aggregation-induced emission feature of tetraphenyl ethylene compounds, method development, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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interactions between acetylcholinesterase, toxic organophosphorus compounds and a short series of structurally related non-oxime reactivators, analysis of reactivation and inhibition kinetics in vitro, overview
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?
additional information
?
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interactions between acetylcholinesterase, toxic organophosphorus compounds and a short series of structurally related non-oxime reactivators, analysis of reactivation and inhibition kinetics in vitro, overview
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?
additional information
?
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nonspecific inhibitor neostigmine is used to inhibit hemolysate AChE activity in order to understand the specificity of AChE for 1-naphthyl acetate or acetylthiocholine, substrate docking with AChE, BChE (EC 3.1.1.8), albumin and esterase D, acetylcholine docks with AChE, BChE, albumin and esterase D, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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substrate specificities of AChE compared to butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) and cocaine esterase (EC 3.1.1.84)
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?
additional information
?
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the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity is detected using the 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-based colorimetric assay with measurement of the absorbance at 412 nm. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol acetate is performed as a chromogenic substrate also suitable for AChE activity examination
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-
?
additional information
?
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the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity is detected using the 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-based colorimetric assay with measurement of the absorbance at 412 nm. 2,6-Dichloroindophenol acetate is performed as a chromogenic substrate also suitable for AChE activity examination
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?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetylcholine + H2O
acetate + choline
-
-
-
-
?
acetylcholine + H2O
acetate + choline
-
acetylcholine protects cardiomyocytes from prolonged hypoxia through activation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha/VEGF pathway and that cardiomyocyte-derived VEGF promotes angiogenesis in a paracrine fashion
-
-
?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
-
-
-
-
?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
-
key enzyme in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it is responsible for the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate
-
-
?
acetylcholine + H2O
choline + acetate
-
the enzyme might be involved in slowing of neurodegeneration in Alzheimerâs and Parkinsonâs diseases, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
pivotal role in the cholinergic system, rapid termination of nerve impulse transmission
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
calcium-activated BuchE, EC 3.1.1.8, acts as a major protective mechanism against suicide inhibition of AchE by organophosphates in this non-neuronal tissue, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase by oxime is the most important step in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
acetylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase that catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, thus regulating cholinergic neurotransmission
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
inhibition of AChE, along with the butyrylcholinesterase, and restoration of acetylcholine is a therapeutic strategy in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia
-
-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE