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3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol
3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose
?
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 2-deoxy-D-glucose
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + arbutin
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + cellobiose
phosphate + oligosaccharides
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucuronic acid
3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucuronic acid + phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-mannose
3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-xylose
?
the major product (83%) in the reaction with D-xylose is 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-xylose and the other fraction (17%) contains 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-xylose as the major component
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaribiose
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaribiosyl-beta-1,4-glucose
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaritetraose
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaritriose
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + m-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + methyl beta-D-glucoside
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + phenyl beta-D-glucoside
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + salicin
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucopyranose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
laminaritriose + phosphate
laminaribiose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminariheptaose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminarihexaose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminaripentaose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminaripentaose + phosphate
laminaritetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
laminaritetraose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminaritetraose + phosphate
laminaritriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
laminaritriose + phosphate
?
laminaritriose + phosphate
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
additional information
?
-
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Astasia ocellata
-
the enzyme is specific for the alpha-isomer
-
r
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate
D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 2-deoxy-D-glucose
?
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + 2-deoxy-D-glucose
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + cellobiose
phosphate + oligosaccharides
Astasia ocellata
-
-
oligosaccharides with two or more 1,3-linked glucose residues attached to the nonreducing residue of cellobiose
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + cellobiose
phosphate + oligosaccharides
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
Astasia ocellata
-
at equilibrium synthesis of laminaribiose is favoured
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
Astasia ocellata
-
specific for alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate as glucosyl donor
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
-
-
-
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
-
initial rate of synthetic reaction is 4 times faster than that of phosphorolytic reaction
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + laminaritriose + laminaritetraose + laminaripentaose + phosphate
-
specific for alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate as glucosyl donor
amount of individual products depends on substrate concentration and reaction time
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
laminaribiose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaribiose
?
Astasia ocellata
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaribiose
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaritriose
?
Astasia ocellata
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + laminaritriose
?
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + methyl beta-D-glucoside
?
Astasia ocellata
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + methyl beta-D-glucoside
?
-
-
-
-
?
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + phenyl beta-D-glucoside
?
Astasia ocellata
-
-
-
-
r
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + phenyl beta-D-glucoside
?
-
-
-
-
r
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
laminaritriose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
laminaritriose + phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
laminaribiose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
laminaribiose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
-
-
-
r
laminaribiose + phosphate
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
-
-
-
-
r
laminaripentaose + phosphate
laminaritetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
laminaripentaose + phosphate
laminaritetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
laminaripentaose + phosphate
laminaritetraose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
laminaritetraose + phosphate
laminaritriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
laminaritetraose + phosphate
laminaritriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
laminaritetraose + phosphate
laminaritriose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
laminaritriose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminaritriose + phosphate
?
only weak phosphorylation
-
-
r
laminaritriose + phosphate
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
laminaritriose + phosphate
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
laminaritriose + phosphate
laminaribiose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
Astasia ocellata
-
in presence of arsenate, laminaribiose is completely converted into glucose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Astasia ocellata
-
weak or no activity observed with other carbohydrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
EC 1.4.1.31 and EC 1.4.1.30 catalyse the same reaction but with different quantitative specificity, EC 1.4.1.30 phosphorolyzes laminaritriose and higher homologues at a greater rate than laminaribiose while the opposite behaviour is observed with EC 1.4.1.31
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
arsenolysis of laminaribiose is observed, but not that of glucose 1-phosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
weak or no activity observed with other carbohydrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
weak or no activity observed with other carbohydrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
on reverse phosphorolysis enzyme is most active on glucose as acceptor and is weakly active on several monosaccharides (e.g. mannose) with alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate as donor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate, alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, alpha-D-galacturonic acid 1-phosphate and alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
-
-
-
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Marechal, L.R.
beta-1,3-Oligoglucan: orthophosphate glucosyltransferases from Euglena gracilis. II. Comparative studies between laminaribiose- and beta-1,3-oligoglucan phosphorylase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
146
431-442
1967
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Kitaoka, M.; Hayashi, K.
Carbohydrate-processing phosphorolytic enzymes
Trends Glycosci. Glycotechnol.
14
35-50
2002
Euglena gracilis
-
brenda
Manners, D.J.; Taylor, D.C.
Studies on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes. XVI. Specificity of laminaribiose phosphorylase from Astasia ocellata
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
121
443-451
1967
Astasia ocellata
brenda
Goldemberg, S.H.; Marechal, L.R.; De Souza, B.C.
beta-1,3-Oligoglucan: orthophosphate glucosyltransferase from Euglena gracilis
J. Biol. Chem.
241
45-50
1966
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Kitaoka, M.; Sasaki, T.; Taniguchi, H.
Purification and properties of laminaribiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4 1.31) from Euglena gracilis Z
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
304
508-514
1993
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Kitaoka, M.; Matsuoka, Y.; Mori, K.; Nishimoto, M.; Hayashi, K.
Characterization of a bacterial laminaribiose phosphorylase
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
76
343-348
2012
Paenibacillus sp. (D7UT17)
brenda
Nihira, T.; Saito, Y.; Kitaoka, M.; Nishimoto, M.; Otsubo, K.; Nakai, H.
Characterization of a laminaribiose phosphorylase from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A and production of 1,3-beta-D-glucosyl disaccharides
Carbohydr. Res.
361C
49-54
2012
Acholeplasma laidlawii (A9NG65)
brenda
Mueller, C.; Ortmann, T.; Abi, A.; Hartig, D.; Scholl, S.; Joerdening, H.J.
Immobilization and characterization of E. gracilis extract with enriched laminaribiose phosphorylase activity for bienzymatic production of laminaribiose
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
182
197-215
2017
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Abi, A.; Wang, A.; Joerdening, H.J.
Continuous laminaribiose production using an immobilized bienzymatic system in a packed bed reactor
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
186
861-876
2018
Euglena gracilis, Euglena gracilis Z
brenda
Mueller, C.; Hartig, D.; Vorlaender, K.; Sass, A.C.; Scholl, S.; Joerdening, H.J.
Chitosan-based hybrid immobilization in bienzymatic reactions and its application to the production of laminaribiose
Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng.
40
1399-1410
2017
Euglena gracilis
brenda
Macdonald, S.S.; Armstrong, Z.; Morgan-Lang, C.; Osowiecka, M.; Robinson, K.; Hallam, S.J.; Withers, S.G.
Development and application of a high-throughput functional metagenomic screen for glycoside phosphorylases
Cell Chem. Biol.
26
1001-1012
2019
uncultured bacterium
brenda
Kuhaudomlarp, S.; Walpole, S.; Stevenson, C.E.M.; Nepogodiev, S.A.; Lawson, D.M.; Angulo, J.; Field, R.A.
Unravelling the specificity of laminaribiose phosphorylase from Paenibacillus sp. YM-1 towards donor substrates glucose/mannose 1-phosphate by using X-ray crystallography and saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy
ChemBioChem
20
181-192
2019
Paenibacillus sp. YM-1 (D7UT17)
brenda
Kuhaudomlarp, S.; Stevenson, C.E.M.; Lawson, D.M.; Field, R.A.
The structure of a GH149 beta-(1->3) glucan phosphorylase reveals a new surface oligosaccharide binding site and additional domains that are absent in the disaccharide-specific GH94 glucose-beta-(1->3)-glucose (laminaribiose) phosphorylase
Proteins
87
885-892
2019
uncultured bacterium
brenda