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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
additional information
?
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
post-transcriptional methylation of N7-G1405 in 16S rRNA of 30S ribosomal subunits
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
methylation site is experimentally determined as G1405 by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
methylation site is experimentally determined as G1405 by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
the enzyme gives resistance to kanamycin plus gentamicin by converting residue C-1405 to 7-methylguanosine
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-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
methylation site is experimentally determined as G1405 by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme confers resistance to aminoglycosides like gentamicin and sisomicin by specifically methylating G1405 in bacterial 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme encodes an enzyme that modifies 16S rRNA and thereby confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates guanine1405 in 16S rRNA to 7-methylguanine, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
methylation site is experimentally determined as guanine1405 by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
plasmid pAT780
-
methylation at guanine1405 mediates cellular resistance by blocking aminoglycoside binding by ribosomes
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
plasmid pAT780
-
the ArmA methylation reaction is specific for the 30S ribosomal subunit. Neither 16S rRNA alone nor the 70S ribosome is a substrate for this reaction under experimental conditions, implicating ribosomal proteins in substrate recognition
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
plasmid pIP1206
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC can confer high-level resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC has an MTase activity specific for the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit consisting of 16S rRNA and several ribosomal proteins, but not for the naked 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC can confer high-level resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC has an MTase activity specific for the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit consisting of 16S rRNA and several ribosomal proteins, but not for the naked 16S rRNA
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-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
additional information
?
-
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RmtC in the presence of aminoglycosides impedes methylation at the N5 position of nucleotide C1407 when the N7 position of G1405 is methylated, MALDI mass spectrometry product analysis, mechanism, overview
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?
additional information
?
-
-
RmtC in the presence of aminoglycosides impedes methylation at the N5 position of nucleotide C1407 when the N7 position of G1405 is methylated, MALDI mass spectrometry product analysis, mechanism, overview
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?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
additional information
?
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
post-transcriptional methylation of N7-G1405 in 16S rRNA of 30S ribosomal subunits
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
the enzyme gives resistance to kanamycin plus gentamicin by converting residue C-1405 to 7-methylguanosine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates G1405 in 16S rRNA to m7G, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme confers resistance to aminoglycosides like gentamicin and sisomicin by specifically methylating G1405 in bacterial 16S rRNA
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme encodes an enzyme that modifies 16S rRNA and thereby confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates guanine1405 in 16S rRNA to 7-methylguanine, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
plasmid pAT780
-
methylation at guanine1405 mediates cellular resistance by blocking aminoglycoside binding by ribosomes
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
plasmid pIP1206
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC can confer high-level resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
RmtC can confer high-level resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
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-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine1405 in 16S rRNA
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N7-methylguanine1405 in 16S rRNA
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
RmtC in the presence of aminoglycosides impedes methylation at the N5 position of nucleotide C1407 when the N7 position of G1405 is methylated, MALDI mass spectrometry product analysis, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
RmtC in the presence of aminoglycosides impedes methylation at the N5 position of nucleotide C1407 when the N7 position of G1405 is methylated, MALDI mass spectrometry product analysis, mechanism, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
evolution
FmrO shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtA shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtB shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtC shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtD shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtD2 shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
evolution
RmtF is a member of the aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA N7 G1405 methyltransferase family
evolution
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RmtF is a member of the aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA N7 G1405 methyltransferase family
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evolution
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RmtC shows aquired N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
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physiological function
encodes an enzyme that modifies 16S rRNA and thereby confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides. The expression of the sgm gene is regulated by the translational autorepression
physiological function
-
the enzyme gives resistance to kanamycin plus gentamicin by converting guanine1405 to 7-methylguanine
physiological function
the enzyme produced by the antibiotic-producing bacterium Micromonospora zionensis methylates guanine1405 in 16S rRNA to 7-methylguanine, thereby rendering the ribosome resistant to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides, which include gentamicins and kanamycins
physiological function
plasmid pAT780
-
G1405 methylation produces aminoglycoside resistance by diminishing the affinity of the ribosome for gentamicin
physiological function
rmtC is responsible for resistance of strain ARS68 and its transformant to various aminoglycoside antibiotics
physiological function
methylation of C1405, involved in the binding of aminoglycosides to 16S rRNA, can lead to loss of affinity and to resistance of the host. Resistance conferred by RmtF cannot be transferred to Escherichia coli via transfer of plasmid pIP849
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis, These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
most aminoglycosides bind to the decoding aminoacyl-tRNA recognition site (A-site) of the 16S rRNA that composes bacterial 30S ribosome, and subsequently interfere with bacterial growth through blocking of protein synthesis. These aminoglycoside-producing actinomycetes are inherently resistant to aminoglycosides, because they harbor intrinsic 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, that can confer aminoglycoside resistance to bacteria by modifying specific nucleotide residues in the aminoglycoside binding site of 16S rRNA. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
the enzyme adds the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the specific nucleotides at the A-site of 16S rRNA, which interferes with aminoglycoside binding to the target. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
the enzyme adds the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the specific nucleotides at the A-site of 16S rRNA, which interferes with aminoglycoside binding to the target. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
the enzyme adds the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the specific nucleotides at the A-site of 16S rRNA, which interferes with aminoglycoside binding to the target. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
the enzyme adds the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the specific nucleotides at the A-site of 16S rRNA, which interferes with aminoglycoside binding to the target. Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates show high-level resistance to clinically useful aminoglycosides through the production of acquired 16S-RMTase. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme confers high-level resistance to 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides through methylation of the G1405 residue in the 16S rRNA. RmtC impedes methylation by the housekeeping methyltransferase RsmF, EC 2.1.1.178, at position C1407
physiological function
-
the enzyme confers high-level resistance to aminoglycosides
physiological function
-
methylation of C1405, involved in the binding of aminoglycosides to 16S rRNA, can lead to loss of affinity and to resistance of the host. Resistance conferred by RmtF cannot be transferred to Escherichia coli via transfer of plasmid pIP849
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physiological function
-
the enzyme confers high-level resistance to 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides through methylation of the G1405 residue in the 16S rRNA. RmtC impedes methylation by the housekeeping methyltransferase RsmF, EC 2.1.1.178, at position C1407
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physiological function
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rmtC is responsible for resistance of strain ARS68 and its transformant to various aminoglycoside antibiotics
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physiological function
-
the enzyme adds the methyl group of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the specific nucleotides at the A-site of 16S rRNA, which interferes with aminoglycoside binding to the target. Aminoglycoside resistance profile provided by N7-G1405 16S-RMTases, overview
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physiological function
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the enzyme confers high-level resistance to aminoglycosides
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additional information
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acquisition of rmtC does not entail a fitness cost for the bacterium
additional information
GrmA shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
GrmB shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
Kmr shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
NbrB shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
Sgm shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
Smr1 shows intrinsic N7-G1405 16S-RMTase activity
additional information
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acquisition of rmtC does not entail a fitness cost for the bacterium
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E182A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB
H50A
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tobramycin MIC is drastically reduced compared to wild-type enzyme
H81A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB. No change in methylation activity compared to wild-type enzyme
K14A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB. 36% of the methylation activity compared to wild-type enzyme
K174A
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tobramycin MIC is drastically reduced compared to wild-type enzyme. 0.7% of the methylation activity compared to wild-type enzyme
R17A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB
R181A
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tobramycin MIC is drastically reduced compared to wild-type enzyme
R48A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB
S83A
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB. 18% of the methylation activity compared to wild-type enzyme
Y56F
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tobramycin MIC is identical with that of wild-type RmtB
D158A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
K54A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
R108A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
R187S
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
R187S/G212S
mutant with strongly reduced activity
R433A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
H54A
inactive. Mutation dos not impact 30S binding affinity. Mutant strain is sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin
H54E
inactive. Mutation dos not impact 30S binding affinity. Mutant strain is sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin
K20E
mutation eliminates 30S binding affinity, mutant strain is sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin
K72E
mutation reduces 30S binding affinity about 5fold, resistance to kanamycin and gentamcin is reduced
R50E
mutation reduces 30S binding affinity about 11-13fold. Mutant strain is sensitive to kanamycin and gentamicin
R68E
mutation reduces 30S binding affinity about 11-13fold, resistance to kanamycin and gentamcin is reduced
D156A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
D156A
no binding of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
D182A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
D182A
no binding of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
E205A
mutant retains S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding
E205A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
E267A
mutant retains S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding
E267A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
G135A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
G135A
no binding of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
K199A
mutant retains S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding
K199A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
R236A
mutant retains S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding
R236A
mutant with drastically increased sensitivity to kanamycin
additional information
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construction of a series of in-frame knockout and knock-in mutants of Escherichia coli, corresponding to the genotypes rsmF+, DELTArsmF, rsmF+ rmtC+, and DELTArsmF rmtC+, mutant strain growth kinetics, overview
additional information
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construction of a series of in-frame knockout and knock-in mutants of Escherichia coli, corresponding to the genotypes rsmF+, DELTArsmF, rsmF+ rmtC+, and DELTArsmF rmtC+, mutant strain growth kinetics, overview
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additional information
analysis of sequencefunction relationships of Sgm MTase by limited proteolysis and site-directed and random mutagenesis
additional information
replacement of the RmtC loop with four Ala residues (Loop237-246 ->A4) ablates the enzyme's ability to confer resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin. Conserved C-terminal domain residues surrounding the SAM-binding pocket are functionally critical but do not contribute to 30S binding affinity
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cloned in Streptomyces lividans. The sgm gene is expressed in Micromonospora melanosporea, where its own promoter is active, and also in Escherichia coli under the control of the lacZ promoter
cloning of the sgm gene into pET-25b (+) vector with the addition of N-terminal non-cleavable His6 tag, as well as alanine mutagenesis of residues D156, D182 and R108. The constructs are co-transformed along with pGroESL into the strain BL21 (DE3) of Escherichia coli for protein expression
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis or Staphylococcus aureus
gene fmrO, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene grmA, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene grmB, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene kmr, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene nbrB, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene rmtA, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene rmtB, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene rmtC, expression of wild-type enzyme in Escherichi coli Top10 cells
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gene rmtC, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene rmtD2, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene rmtF encoded on a non-self-transferable plasmid pIP849, cotranscribed with the upstream aac(6')-Ib gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, overview. Genetic structure and phylogenetic tree
gene sgm, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
gene smr1, phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
introduction of a recombinant version of the Sgm methyltransferase gene from Micromonospora zionensis into an Escherichia coli strain that has a full complement of housekeeping methyltransferases. Analyses of the 16S rRNA shows that the m5C1407-specific housekeeping methyltransferase RsmF (YebU) is outcompeted by Sgm as the resistance methyltransferase gains access to its own m7G1405 target on the 30S ribosomal subunit. A single amino acid change in Sgm, which lowers the level of conferred resistance, reduces the ability of Sgm to interfere with RsmF methylation on the 30S subunit
phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons
sgm is cloned into a yeast expression vector to test whether the prokaryotic methylases can modify the 18S rRNA A-site and thus confer resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic G-418. Sgm does not provide resistant phenotypes to yeast cells. Despite all similarities in the antibiotic binding site, methylation by Sgm does not occur in yeast, suggesting that the recognition site for these methylases could be different in 30S and 40S subunits
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Maravic Vlahovicek, G.; Cubrilo, S.; Tkaczuk, K.L.; Bujnicki, J.M.
Modeling and experimental analyses reveal a two-domain structure and amino acids important for the activity of aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase Sgm
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1784
582-590
2008
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2)
brenda
Kojic, M.; Topisirovic, L.; Vasiljevic, B.
Cloning and characterization of an aminoglycoside resistance determinant from Micromonospora zionensis
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174
7868-7872
1992
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2), Micromonospora zionensis
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Kojic, M.; Topisirovic, L.; Vasiljevic, B.
Translational autoregulation of the sgm gene from Micromonospora zionensis
J. Bacteriol.
178
5493-5498
1996
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2), Micromonospora zionensis
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Savic, M.; Ilic-Tomic, T.; Macmaster, R.; Vasiljevic, B.; Conn, G.L.
Critical residues for cofactor binding and catalytic activity in the aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase Sgm
J. Bacteriol.
190
5855-5861
2008
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2)
brenda
Beauclerk, A.A.; Cundliffe, E.
Sites of action of two ribosomal RNA methylases responsible for resistance to aminoglycosides
J. Mol. Biol.
193
661-671
1987
Micromonospora echinospora
brenda
Savic, M.; Lovric, J.; Tomic, T.I.; Vasiljevic, B.; Conn, G.L.
Determination of the target nucleosides for members of two families of 16S rRNA methyltransferases that confer resistance to partially overlapping groups of aminoglycoside antibiotics
Nucleic Acids Res.
37
5420-5431
2009
Frankia sp. (Q2J7L5), Micromonospora echinospora (Q70KC8), Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2), Frankia sp. CcI3 (Q2J7L5)
brenda
Husain, N.; Tkaczuk, K.L.; Tulsidas, S.R.; Kaminska, K.H.; Cubrilo, S.; Maravic-Vlahovicek, G.; Bujnicki, J.M.; Sivaraman, J.
Structural basis for the methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA by aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase Sgm from an antibiotic producer: a diversity of active sites in m7G methyltransferases
Nucleic Acids Res.
38
4120-4132
2010
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2), Micromonospora zionensis
brenda
Tomic, T.I.; Moric, I.; Conn, G.L.; Vasiljevic, B.
Aminoglycoside resistance genes sgm and kgmB protect bacterial but not yeast small ribosomal subunits in vitro despite high conservation of the rRNA A-site
Res. Microbiol.
159
658-662
2008
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2)
brenda
Cubrilo, S.; Babic, F.; Douthwaite, S.; Maravic Vlahovicek, G.
The aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase Sgm impedes RsmF methylation at an adjacent rRNA nucleotide in the ribosomal A site
RNA
15
1492-1497
2009
Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2)
brenda
Wachino, J.; Yamane, K.; Shibayama, K.; Kurokawa, H.; Shibata, N.; Suzuki, S.; Doi, Y.; Kimura, K.; Ike, Y.; Arakawa, Y.
Novel plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase, RmtC, found in a proteus mirabilis isolate demonstrating extraordinary high-level resistance against various aminoglycosides
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
50
178-184
2006
Proteus mirabilis (Q33DX5), Proteus mirabilis ARS68 (Q33DX5)
brenda
Prichon, B.; Courvalin, P.; Galimand, M.
Transferable resistance to aminoglycosides by methylation of G1405 in 16S rRNA and to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones by QepA-mediated efflux in Escherichia coli
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
51
2464-2469
2007
plasmid pIP1206
brenda
Wachino, J.; Shibayama, K.; Kimura, K.; Yamane, K.; Suzuki, S.; Arakawa, Y.
RmtC introduces G1405 methylation in 16S rRNA and confers high-level aminoglycoside resistance on Gram-positive microorganisms
FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
311
56-60
2010
Proteus mirabilis (Q33DX5), Proteus mirabilis ARS68 (Q33DX5)
brenda
Liou, G.F.; Yoshizawa, S.; Courvalin, P.; Galimand, M.
Aminoglycoside resistance by ArmA-mediated ribosomal 16S methylation in human bacterial pathogens
J. Mol. Biol.
359
358-364
2006
plasmid pAT780
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Schmitt, E.; Galimand, M.; Panvert, M.; Courvalin, P.; Mechulam, Y.
Structural bases for 16 S rRNA methylation catalyzed by ArmA and RmtB methyltransferases
J. Mol. Biol.
388
570-582
2009
Escherichia coli
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Fitness cost and interference of Arm/Rmt aminoglycoside resistance with the RsmF housekeeping methyltransferases
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56
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Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli BW25113
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Galimand, M.; Courvalin, P.; Lambert, T.
RmtF, a new member of the aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA N7 G1405 methyltransferase family
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56
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Klebsiella pneumoniae (I1YZZ5), Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4686 (I1YZZ5), Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4686
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Wachino, J.; Arakawa, Y.
Exogenously acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferases found in aminoglycoside-resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: an update
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Heterologous expression and functional characterization of the exogenously acquired aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferases RmtD, RmtD2, and RmtG
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699-702
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Escherichia coli, Micromonospora zionensis (Q7M0R2)
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Indigenous and acquired modifications in the aminoglycoside binding sites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rRNAs
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BB1285
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Lioy, V.S.; Goussard, S.; Guerineau, V.; Yoon, E.J.; Courvalin, P.; Galimand, M.; Grillot-Courvalin, C.
Aminoglycoside resistance 16S rRNA methyltransferases block endogenous methylation, affect translation efficiency and fitness of the host
RNA
20
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Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli MM294
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Functionally critical residues in the aminoglycoside resistance-associated methyltransferase RmtC play distinct roles in 30S substrate recognition
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Proteus mirabilis (Q33DX5)
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