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(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
(R)-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
(R)-lactate + PMS-DCIP
pyruvate + reduced PMS-DCIP
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + ferricytochrome c
?
135% relative activity compared to (R)lactate, highest catalytic efficiency, prefered substrate
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + PMS-DCIP
2-oxobutanoate + reduced PMS-DCIP
D-2-hydroxyglutarate + ferricytochrome c
?
0.15% relative activity compared to (R)lactate
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxyvalerate + cytochrome c
2-oxovalerate + ferrocytochrome c
-
very poor substrate
-
-
?
D-glycerate + ferricytochrome c
?
9.2% relative activity compared to (R)lactate
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome
-
-
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
D-lactate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-lactate + cytochrome c2ox
pyruvate + cytochrome c2red
-
-
-
-
?
D-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide + H+
-
-
-
-
r
D-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
D-lactate + oxidized phenazine methosulfate
pyruvate + reduced phenazine methosulfate + H+
-
-
-
-
r
DL-2-hydroxybutyrate + ferricytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
40% of the activity with (R)-lactate
-
-
?
DL-glycerate + ferricyanide
?
-
10% of the rate of D-lactate oxidation
-
-
?
DL-glycerate + ferricytochrome c
?
10.3% relative activity compared to (R)lactate
-
-
?
glycolate + ferricytochrome c
?
0.15% relative activity compared to (R)lactate, O2 does not function as the acceptor for glycolate electrons
-
-
?
L-lactate + ferricytochrome c
?
10.8% relative activity compared to (R)lactate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
enzyme D-LDH is absolutely specific for these substrates in vivo
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
required for growth on lactate as sole carbon source
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
pathway linked to respiratory chain
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
ir
(R)-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricyanide
pyruvate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
traces of activity with L-isomer
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
specific for D-isomer
-
ir
(R)-lactate + PMS-DCIP
pyruvate + reduced PMS-DCIP
-
PMS-DCIP3 i.e. phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + PMS-DCIP
pyruvate + reduced PMS-DCIP
-
PMS-DCIP3 i.e. phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
reversible under anaerobic conditions
-
-
r
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + cytochrome c
2-oxobutanoate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + PMS-DCIP
2-oxobutanoate + reduced PMS-DCIP
-
PMS-DCIP3 i.e. phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
D-2-hydroxybutyrate + PMS-DCIP
2-oxobutanoate + reduced PMS-DCIP
-
PMS-DCIP3 i.e. phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
100% relative activity, prefered substrate, with a high catalytic efficiency 200- and 2000fold higher than that for L-lactate and glycolate, respectively
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
substrate specific for D-LCR. D-LCR is efficient enough in transferring electrons from D-lactate to the next mediators
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
i.e. DCPIP, via cofactors FMN or FAD
-
-
?
D-lactate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
pyruvate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
i.e. DCPIP, via cofactor FAD, stereospecific enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with propionate, acetate, glutarate, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with propionate, acetate, glutarate, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
D-LDH does not use glycolate as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
study of the D-lactate transport and metabolism in Helianthus tuberosus, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
D-LDH activity assay and (R)-lactate-dependent cyt c and flavin reduction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no cross-reactivity with L-lactic acid
-
-
?
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(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
additional information
?
-
-
study of the D-lactate transport and metabolism in Helianthus tuberosus, overview
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
enzyme D-LDH is absolutely specific for these substrates in vivo
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
required for growth on lactate as sole carbon source
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
pathway linked to respiratory chain
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
?
(R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c
pyruvate + ferrocytochrome c
-
-
-
ir
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Hatefi, Y.; Stiggall, D.L.
Metal-containing flavoprotein dehydrogenases
The Enzymes, 3rd Ed. (Boyer, P. D. , ed. )
13
175-297
1976
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Gregolin, C.; Singer, T.P.
The lactic dehydrogenase of yeast. III. D(-)lactic cytochrome c reductase, a zinc-flavoprotein from aerobic yeast
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
67
201-218
1963
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Nygaard, A.P.
D(-)-lactic cytochrome c reductase, a flavoprotein from yeast
J. Biol. Chem.
236
920-925
1961
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Nygaard, A.P.
Lactate dehydrogenases of yeast
The Enzymes, 2nd Ed (Boyer, P. D. , Lardy, H. , Myrbck, K. , eds. )
7
557-565
1963
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Brockman, H.L.; Wood, W.A.
D-lactate dehydrogenase of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii
Methods Enzymol.
41B
309-312
1975
Megasphaera elsdenii
brenda
Olson, S.T.; Massey, V.
Purification and properties of the flavoenzyme D-lactate dehydrogenase from Megasphaera elsdenii
Biochemistry
18
4714-4723
1979
Megasphaera elsdenii
brenda
Olson, S.T.; Massey, V.; Ghisla, S.; Whitfield, C.D.
Suicide inactivation of the flavoenzyme D-lactate dehydrogenase by alpha-hydroxybutynoate
Biochemistry
18
4724-4731
1979
Megasphaera elsdenii
brenda
Ogata, M.; Arihara, K.; Yagi, T.
D-Lactate dehydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris
J. Biochem.
89
1423-1431
1981
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
brenda
Lodi, T.; O'Connor, D.; Goffrini, P.; Ferrero, I.
Carbon catabolite repression in Kluyveromyces lactis: isolation and characterization of the KlDLD gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme D-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase
Mol. Gen. Genet.
244
622-629
1994
Kluyveromyces lactis
brenda
Lodi, T.; Goffrini, P.; Bolondi, I.; Ferrero, I.
Transcriptional regulation of the KlDLD gene, encoding the mitochondrial enzyme D-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase in Kluyveromyces lactis: effect of Klhap2 and fog mutations
Curr. Genet.
34
12-20
1998
Kluyveromyces lactis
brenda
Lodi, T.; Alberti, A.; Guiard, B.; Ferrero, I.
Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DLD1 gene encoding the mitochondrial protein D-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase by HAP1 and HAP2/3/4/5
Mol. Gen. Genet.
262
623-632
1999
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Horikiri, S.; Aizawa, Y.; Kai, T.; Amachi, S.; Shinoyama, H.; Fujii, T.
Electron acquisition system constructed from an NAD-independent D-lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c2 in Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
68
516-522
2004
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
brenda
Atlante, A.; de Bari, L.; Valenti, D.; Pizzuto, R.; Paventi, G.; Passarella, S.
Transport and metabolism of D-lactate in Jerusalem artichoke mitochondria
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1708
13-22
2005
Helianthus tuberosus
brenda
Hao, J.; Ma, C.; Gao, C.; Qiu, J.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Cui, X.; Xu, P.
Pseudomonas stutzeri as a novel biocatalyst for pyruvate production from DL-lactate
Biotechnol. Lett.
29
105-110
2007
Pseudomonas stutzeri
brenda
Ma, C.; Gao, C.; Qiu, J.; Hao, J.; Liu, W.; Wang, A.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, M.; Xu, P.
Membrane-bound L- and D-lactate dehydrogenase activities of a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri strain
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
77
91-98
2007
Pseudomonas stutzeri
brenda
Mourier, A.; Vallortigara, J.; Yoboue, E.D.; Rigoulet, M.; Devin, A.
Kinetic activation of yeast mitochondrial d-lactate dehydrogenase by carboxylic acids
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1777
1283-1288
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
Engqvist, M.; Drincovich, M.F.; Fluegge, U.I.; Maurino, V.G.
Two D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis thaliana with catalytic capacities to participate in the last reactions of the methylglyoxal and beta-oxidation pathways
J. Biol. Chem.
284
25026-25037
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q94AX4), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Pohanka, M.; Zboril, P.
Amperometric biosensor for D-lactate assay
Food Technol. Biotechnol.
46
107-110
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
Pohanka, M.; Zboril, P.; Pikula, J.
D-Lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) from saccharomyces cerevisiae purification by fast protein liquid chromatography
Pol. J. Chem.
83
415-420
2009
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
brenda
de Bari, L.; Moro, L.; Passarella, S.
Prostate cancer cells metabolize D-lactate inside mitochondria via a D-lactate dehydrogenase which is more active and highly expressed than in normal cells
FEBS Lett.
587
467-473
2013
Homo sapiens (Q86WU2)
brenda
Karkovska, M.; Smutok, O.; Gonchar, M.
Laboratory prototype of bioreactor for oxidation of toxic D-lactate using yeast cells overproducing D-lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase
BioMed Res. Int.
2016
4652876
2016
Ogataea angusta (W1QLN6), Ogataea angusta, Ogataea angusta tr6 (W1QLN6)
brenda
Welchen, E.; Schmitz, J.; Fuchs, P.; Garcia, L.; Wagner, S.; Wienstroer, J.; Schertl, P.; Braun, H.P.; Schwarzlaender, M.; Gonzalez, D.H.; Maurino, V.G.
D-Lactate dehydrogenase links methylglyoxal degradation and electron transport through cytochrome c
Plant Physiol.
172
901-912
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q94AX4)
brenda
Smutok, O.V.; Dmytruk, K.V.; Karkovska, M.I.; Schuhmann, W.; Gonchar, M.V.; Sibirny, A.A.
D-Lactate-selective amperometric biosensor based on the cell debris of the recombinant yeast Hansenula polymorpha
Talanta
125
227-232
2014
Ogataea angusta (W1QLN6), Ogataea angusta, Ogataea angusta tr6 (W1QLN6)
brenda
An, B.; Lan, J.; Deng, X.; Chen, S.; Ouyang, C.; Shi, H.; Yang, J.; Li, Y.
Silencing of D-lactate dehydrogenase impedes glyoxalase system and leads to methylglyoxal accumulation and growth inhibition in rice
Front. Plant Sci.
8
2071
2017
Oryza sativa Indica Group, Oryza sativa Indica Group 93-11
brenda