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2-oxobutyrate + NADH
isovalerate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
?
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NADP+
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADPH
glycolate + NADP+
-
a recombinant gamma hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.61, exhibits high glyoxylate reductase activity with a 250fold higher preference for glyoxylate than with succinic semialdehyde, via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism, overview
-
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
glycolate + NADP+
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+
D-glycerate + NAD+
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
D-glycerate + NADP+
reaction of EC 1.1.1.29, NADPH is a poor cofactor for wild-type
-
-
?
phenylpyruvate + NADH
phenyllactate + NAD+
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+
4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+
-
succinic semialdehyde-dependent GLYR activity potentially occurs in planta, despite the fact that glyoxylate is the preferred substrate in vitro
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
-
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
-
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH
-
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
r
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
glycolate + NAD+
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
a E141N/Q313E mutant formate dehydrogenase shows glyoxylate reductase activity improved through enhancement of the hydrogen transfer step in the catalytic process, overview
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH
glycolate + NAD+
-
equilibrium is very far in direction of glycolate formation
-
-
r
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
NADPH exhibits 7.5% of the activity compared to NADH
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADH + H+
glycolate + NAD+
NADPH exhibits 7.5% of the activity compared to NADH
-
-
?
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
glycolate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
glycolate + NADP+
-
preferred substrate
-
-
ir
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+
glycolate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
located exclusively in the peroxisomes, prefers NAD+/NADH
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH
D-glycerate + NAD+
-
located exclusively in the peroxisomes, prefers NAD+/NADH
-
-
r
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+
D-glycerate + NAD+
reaction of EC 1.1.1.29
-
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+
D-glycerate + NAD+
the relative activity for hydroxypyruvate is one-quarter that of glyoxylate in the presence of NADH as an electron donor
-
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+
D-glycerate + NAD+
the relative activity for hydroxypyruvate is one-quarter that of glyoxylate in the presence of NADH as an electron donor
-
-
?
phenylpyruvate + NADH
phenyllactate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
ir
phenylpyruvate + NADH
phenyllactate + NAD+
-
GxrA
-
-
ir
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme prefers succinic semialdehyde 100fold to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, phenylglyoxal, and phenylglyoxylate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
both cytosolic GLYR1 and plastidial GLYR2 catalyse the essentially irreversible, NADPH-based conversion of glyoxylate into glycolate, and can be regulated by the NADPH/NADP ratio
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the recombinant AtHPR1 prefers prefers NADH over NADPH and hydroxypyruvate over glyoxylate. Isozyme AtHPR1 also converts glyoxylate to glycolate, albeit with much lower catalytic efficiency than for hydroxypyruvate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the endosymbiont, a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase exhibits glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase activity, substrate specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity of GxrA with 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxo-D-gluconate, and indole in the reductive direction, as well as with glycolate, D-phenyllactate, and D-gluconate in the oxidative direction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in the endosymbiont, a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase exhibits glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase activity, substrate specificity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity of GxrA with 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxo-D-gluconate, and indole in the reductive direction, as well as with glycolate, D-phenyllactate, and D-gluconate in the oxidative direction
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with: pyruvate, 2-oxobutyrate, acetaldehyde, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate
-
-
?
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Glyoxylate Reductase/Hydroxypyruvate Reductase: A Novel Prognostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Curative Resection.
Colitis
Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Correction to: Downregulation of GLYR1 contributes to microsatellite instability colorectal cancer by targeting p21 via the p38MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Downregulation of GLYR1 contributes to microsatellite instability colorectal cancer by targeting p21 via the p38MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Crohn Disease
Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis.
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
A mutation creating an out-of-frame alternative translation initiation site in the GRHPR 5'UTR causing primary hyperoxaluria type II.
glyoxylate reductase deficiency
Combined Liver-Kidney Transplantation for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2: A Case Report.
glyoxylate reductase deficiency
Glyoxylate reductase activity in blood mononuclear cells and the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
glyoxylate reductase deficiency
Recurrent primary hyperoxaluria type 2 leads to early post-transplant renal function loss: A case report.
glyoxylate reductase deficiency
Severe child form of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 - a case report revealing consequence of GRHPR deficiency on metabolism.
glyoxylate reductase deficiency
[Primary hiperoxaluria: a new mutation in gen AGXT (R197Q) cause of neonatal convulsions]
Hyperoxaluria
Failure of isolated kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in an Infant with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type II: An Unreported Clinical Association.
Hyperoxaluria
Phenotypic and functional analysis of human SLC26A6 variants in patients with familial hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Hyperoxaluria
The molecular basis of kidney stones.
Hyperoxaluria
[Primary hiperoxaluria: a new mutation in gen AGXT (R197Q) cause of neonatal convulsions]
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase inactivity in primary hyperoxaluria type 3 and glyoxylate reductase inhibition.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
A mutation creating an out-of-frame alternative translation initiation site in the GRHPR 5'UTR causing primary hyperoxaluria type II.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
A novel mutation in the GRHPR gene in a Japanese patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Biochemical and genetic diagnosis of the primary hyperoxalurias: a review.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Combined Liver-Kidney Transplantation for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2: A Case Report.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Enzymological characterization of a feline analogue of primary hyperoxaluria type 2: a model for the human disease.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Ethnic differences in GRHPR mutations in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Etiological Profile of Nephrocalcinosis in Children from Southern India.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Evaluation of mutation screening as a first line test for the diagnosis of the primary hyperoxalurias.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Folding Defects Leading to Primary Hyperoxaluria.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Glyoxylate reductase activity in blood mononuclear cells and the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in an Infant with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type II: An Unreported Clinical Association.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Identification of missense, nonsense, and deletion mutations in the GRHPR gene in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type II (PH2).
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Kinetic analysis and tissue distribution of human D-glycerate dehydrogenase/glyoxylate reductase and its relevance to the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Late diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in the adult: effect of a novel mutation in GRHPR gene on enzymatic activity and molecular modeling.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Metabolism of Oxalate in Humans: A Potential Role Kynurenine Aminotransferase/Glutamine Transaminase/Cysteine Conjugate Beta-lyase Plays in Hyperoxaluria.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Modification of primers for GRHPR genotyping: avoiding allele dropout by single nucleotide polymorphisms and homology sequence.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Molecular analysis of the glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR) gene and description of mutations underlying primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Novel mutation in the GRHPR gene in a Chinese patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 2 requiring renal transplantation from a living related donor.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Phenotypic and functional analysis of human SLC26A6 variants in patients with familial hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells derived from individuals with primary hyperoxaluria.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Primary hyperoxaluria type 2: enzymology.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Promoter rearrangements cause species-specific hepatic regulation of the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Recent developments in our understanding of primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Recurrent primary hyperoxaluria type 2 leads to early post-transplant renal function loss: A case report.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Severe child form of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 - a case report revealing consequence of GRHPR deficiency on metabolism.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Tissue differences in the expression of mutations and polymorphisms in the GRHPR gene and implications for diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis.
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
[Genetic aspects of primary hyperoxaluria: epidemiology, ethiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of the disorder].
Kidney Calculi
Late diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in the adult: effect of a novel mutation in GRHPR gene on enzymatic activity and molecular modeling.
Kidney Calculi
Promoter rearrangements cause species-specific hepatic regulation of the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Failure of isolated kidney transplantation in a pediatric patient with primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
Metabolic Diseases
Restrictive cardiomyopathy in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type II.
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Severe child form of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 - a case report revealing consequence of GRHPR deficiency on metabolism.
Neoplasms
Candidate driver genes in microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer.
Neoplasms
Downregulation of GLYR1 contributes to microsatellite instability colorectal cancer by targeting p21 via the p38MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Neoplasms
Glyoxylate Reductase/Hydroxypyruvate Reductase: A Novel Prognostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Curative Resection.
Neoplasms
Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis.
Nephrocalcinosis
Hydroxyproline metabolism in mouse models of primary hyperoxaluria.
Nephrocalcinosis
Late diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in the adult: effect of a novel mutation in GRHPR gene on enzymatic activity and molecular modeling.
Nephrocalcinosis
Recurrent primary hyperoxaluria type 2 leads to early post-transplant renal function loss: A case report.
Nephrolithiasis
Recurrent primary hyperoxaluria type 2 leads to early post-transplant renal function loss: A case report.
Obesity
Differential representation of liver proteins in obese human subjects suggests novel biomarkers and promising targets for drug development in obesity.
Renal Insufficiency
Late diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in the adult: effect of a novel mutation in GRHPR gene on enzymatic activity and molecular modeling.
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40
2-oxobutyrate
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
0.07 - 6.8
Hydroxypyruvate
0.8
phenylpyruvate
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
0.0045
glyoxylate
-
pH 7.8, 22°C, recombinant His6-tagged enzyme
0.07 - 0.11
glyoxylate
-
NADPH, cytosolic enzyme
0.73
glyoxylate
pH 6.5, 50°C
1.1
glyoxylate
-
NADPH, cytosolic enzyme type with preference for hydroxypyruvate as substrate
2.5
glyoxylate
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
5
glyoxylate
pH 7.5, 70°C, recombinant enzyme and native enzyme from xylose-grown cell extract
7.4
glyoxylate
-
pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant E141N/Q313E mutant formate dehydrogenase
9.727
glyoxylate
mutant T335D, cosubstrate NADH, pH 6.2, 25°C
10 - 25
glyoxylate
-
NADH, peroxisomal enzyme type with preference for hydroxypyruvate and NADH as substrates
15.195
glyoxylate
mutant T335A, cosubstrate NADH, pH 6.2, 25°C
16.589
glyoxylate
mutant T335A, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 6.2, 25°C
17.366
glyoxylate
wild-type, cosubstrate NADH, pH 6.2, 25°C
17.996
glyoxylate
wild-type, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 6.2, 25°C
18.011
glyoxylate
mutant T335D, cosubstrate NADPH, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.07 - 0.12
Hydroxypyruvate
-
NADH, peroxisomal enzyme type with preference for hydroxypyruvate and NADH as substrates
0.8
Hydroxypyruvate
-
NADPH, cytosolic enzyme type with preference for hydroxypyruvate and NADPH as substrates
1.3
Hydroxypyruvate
pH 6.5, 50°C
6.8
Hydroxypyruvate
-
pH 7.0, 37°C
0.0058
NADH
mutant T335D, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.01
NADH
mutant T335A, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.01
NADH
wild-type, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.1
NADH
pH 7.5, 70°C, recombinant enzyme and native enzyme from xylose-grown cell extract
0.0026
NADPH
-
pH 7.8, 22°C, recombinant His6-tagged enzyme
0.271
NADPH
mutant T335D, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.353
NADPH
wild-type, pH 6.2, 25°C
0.408
NADPH
mutant T335A, pH 6.2, 25°C
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evolution
the enzyme belongs to the beta-HAD (beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase) protein family. AtHPR2 and AtHPR3 are 45% identical to each other at the amino acid level, but only 19-25% identical to AtHPR1, the NADH-dependent form, and 8-9% identical to the AtGLYRs. None of the AtHPRs contains the active-site residues conserved in AtGLYR1 and AtGLYR2, indicating that the sites responsible for reducing glyoxylate differ greatly between the AtGLYRs and AtHPRs
malfunction
enzyme deficiency causes primary hyperoxaluria type 2
malfunction
enzyme deficiency is the underlying cause of primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and leads to increased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones and renal failure. Upregulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis, the phenomenon also occurs in patients with Crohn's disease. Overexpression of GRHPR is accompanied by active caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) accumulation. Knockdown of GRHPR inhibits the accumulation of active caspase-3 and cleaved PARP in TNF-alpha treated HT-29 cells
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the glycolate metabolism, as well as the 4-hydroxybutyrate production and the GABA shunt pathway, overview
metabolism
glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is a key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle
metabolism
HPR1 phosphomimetic variant T335D exhibits reduced NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase activity but improved NADPH-dependent activity. Complementation of the Arabidopsis HPR1 mutant by either wild-type HPR1 or HPR1 nonphosphorylatable mutant T335A fully complements the photorespiratory growth phenotype of the HPR1 mutant in ambient air, whereas HPR1 T335D-containing HPR1 mutant plants remain smaller and have lower photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rates. These phenotypes were associated with subtle perturbations in the photorespiratory cycle of HPR1 T335D-complemented HPR1 mutant rosettes compared to all other HPR1-containing lines
physiological function
-
succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate are typically generated in leaves via two distinct metabolic pathways, 4-aminobutyrate and glycolate respectively. GLYR isozymes function in the detoxification of both aldehydes during stress and contribute to redox balance, overview
physiological function
GLYR1 scavenges succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate that escape from mitochondria and peroxisomes, respectively
physiological function
human glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is a D-2 hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase that plays a critical role in the removal of the metabolic by-product glyoxylate from the liver
additional information
due to the glutamate at the -1 position, GLYR1 C-terminal tripeptide, -SRE, does not function as a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, PTS1. GLYR1 is not relocalized from the cytosol to peroxisomes in response to abiotic stress
additional information
-
due to the glutamate at the -1 position, GLYR1 C-terminal tripeptide, -SRE, does not function as a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, PTS1. GLYR1 is not relocalized from the cytosol to peroxisomes in response to abiotic stress
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Hullin, R.P.
Glyoxylate reductase, two forms from Pseudomonas
Methods Enzymol.
41B
343-348
1975
Pseudomonas fluorescens
brenda
Yokota, A.; Kitaoka, S.
Occurrence and subcellular distribution of enzymes involved in the glycolate pathway and their physiological function in a bleached mutant of Euglena gracilis Z
Agric. Biol. Chem.
45
15-22
1981
Euglena gracilis
-
brenda
Suzuki, S.; Suga, T.; Ninobe, S.
Studies on peroxisomes. IV. intracellular localization of NADH2-glyoxylate reductase in rat liver
J. Biochem.
73
1033-1038
1973
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Zelitch, I.
Glycolic acid oxidase and glyoxylic acid reductase
Methods Enzymol.
1
528-535
1955
Nicotiana tabacum, Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Zelitch, I.
The isolation and action of crystalline glyoxylic acid reductase from tobacco leaves
J. Biol. Chem.
216
553-575
1955
Nicotiana tabacum
brenda
Cerff, R.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases and glyoxylate reductase
Plant Physiol.
51
76-81
1973
Sinapis alba
brenda
Bergmeyer, H.U.; Gral, M.; Walter, H.E.
Glyoxylate reductase
Methods Enzym. Anal. , 3rd Ed. (Bergmeyer, H. U. , ed. )
2
126-328
1974
Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Zelitch, I.
Oxidation and reduction of glycolic and glyoxylic acids in plants II. glyoxylic acid reductase
J. Biol. Chem.
201
719-726
1953
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Giafi, C.F.; Rumsby, G.
Kinetic analysis and tissue distribution of human D-glycerate dehydrogenase/glyoxylate reductase and its relevance to the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 2
Ann. Clin. Biochem.
35
104-109
1998
Homo sapiens
brenda
Rumsby, G.; Cregeen, D.P.
Identification and expression of a cDNA for human hydroxypyruvate/glyoxylate reductase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1446
383-388
1999
Homo sapiens
brenda
Givan, C.V.; Kleczkowski, L.A.
The enzymic reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate in leaves of higher plants
Plant Physiol.
100
552-556
1992
Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana tabacum, Petroselinum crispum, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Zea mays
brenda
Betsche, T.; Schaller, D.; Melkonian, M.
Identification and characteriaztion of glycolate oxidase and related enzymes from the endocyanotic alga Cyanophora paradoxa and from pea leaves
Plant Physiol.
98
887-893
1992
Cyanophora paradoxa, Pisum sativum
brenda
Cregeen, D.P.; Williams, E.L.; Hulton, S.; Rumsby, G.
Molecular analysis of the glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR) gene and description of mutations underlying primary hyperoxaluria type 2
Hum. Mutat.
22
497
2003
Homo sapiens
brenda
Shinoda, T.; Arai, K.; Taguchi, H.
A highly specific glyoxylate reductase derived from a formate dehydrogenase
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
355
782-787
2007
Paracoccus sp.
brenda
Fauvart, M.; Braeken, K.; Daniels, R.; Vos, K.; Ndayizeye, M.; Noben, J.; Robben, J.; Vanderleyden, J.; Michiels, J.
Identification of a novel glyoxylate reductase supports phylogeny-based enzymatic substrate specificity prediction
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1774
1092-1098
2007
Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium etli CFN 42
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Hoover, G.J.; Van Cauwenberghe, O.R.; Breitkreuz, K.E.; Clark, S.M.; Merrill, A.R.; Shelp, B.J.
Characteristics of an Arabidopsis glyoxylate reductase: general biochemical properties and substrate specificity for the recombinant protein, and developmental expression and implications for glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde metabolism in planta
Can. J. Bot.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
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Allan, W.L.; Clark, S.M.; Hoover, G.J.; Shelp, B.J.
Role of plant glyoxylate reductases during stress: a hypothesis
Biochem. J.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Nunn, C.E.; Johnsen, U.; Schoenheit, P.; Fuhrer, T.; Sauer, U.; Hough, D.W.; Danson, M.J.
Metabolism of pentose sugars in the hyperthermophilic archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
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Saccharolobus solfataricus (Q97U35), Saccharolobus solfataricus P2 (Q97U35)
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Ching, S.L.; Gidda, S.K.; Rochon, A.; van Cauwenberghe, O.R.; Shelp, B.J.; Mullen, R.T.
Glyoxylate reductase isoform 1 is localized in the cytosol and not peroxisomes in plant cells
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
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2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9LSV0), Arabidopsis thaliana
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Ohshima, T.; Nunoura-Kominato, N.; Kudome, T.; Sakuraba, H.
A novel hyperthermophilic archaeal glyoxylate reductase from Thermococcus litoralis. Characterization, gene cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli
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Thermococcus litoralis (Q9C4M5), Thermococcus litoralis, Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473 (Q9C4M5), Thermococcus litoralis DSM 5473
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Hoover, G.J.; Jorgensen, R.; Rochon, A.; Bajwa, V.S.; Merrill, A.R.; Shelp, B.J.
Identification of catalytically important amino acid residues for enzymatic reduction of glyoxylate in plants
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1834
2663-2671
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C9W5)
brenda
Pan, Y.; Ni, R.; Deng, Q.; Huang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, C.; Li, F.; Huang, D.; He, S.; Chen, B.
Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase: a novel prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection
Pathobiology
80
155-162
2013
Homo sapiens (Q9UBQ7), Homo sapiens
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Zong, C.; Nie, X.; Zhang, D.; Ji, Q.; Qin, Y.; Wang, L.; Jiang, D.; Gong, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, G.
Up regulation of glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) is associated with intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in TNBS-induced experimental colitis
Pathol. Res. Pract.
212
365-371
2016
Homo sapiens (Q9UBQ7), Homo sapiens
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Liu, Y.; Guerard, F.; Hodges, M.; Jossier, M.
Phosphomimetic T335D mutation of hydroxypyruvate reductase 1 modifies cofactor specificity and impacts Arabidopsis growth in air
Plant Physiol.
183
194-205
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9C9W5)
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